For this question I'm mainly going to focus on Candide's first two punishments: his exile from the castle, and his floggings and abuse at the hands of the army.
Of course Candide's first punishment was too harsh. A simple kiss, whether towards your daughter or not, should not warrant you being kicked out of your only home you have ever known. This is especially true since he sincerely did not know what he was doing was going to be considered "wrong" by the Barron. This one incident in his life leads to him living terrible life filled with abuse, broken hopes and dreams, and murder. His punishment also in a way saved him, but as we see several other people survive the ordeal with the storming of the castle. Therefore his punishment was far greater than the crime: greater than I think the Barron intended.
As far as the army goes, they are guilty of the same crime of over punishing poor Candide as the Barron is. Another misunderstanding, another instance of Candide doing something utterly innocent like walking away from the camp to go on a stroll, leads to a punishment that is basically equalled to death. Beyond this his other punishments, such as being flogged for doing well are equally ridiculous.
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